Piezoelectric bone surgery for impacted lower third molar extraction compared with conventional rotary instruments: a systematic review,meta-analysis,and trial sequential analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether piezoelectric bone surgery (PBS) for impacted lower third molar extraction reduces the surgical time and risk of intra- and postoperative complications in comparison with conventional rotary instruments. This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database. The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and OpenGrey databases were screened for articles published from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2018. Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PBS with conventional rotary instruments for impacted lower third molar extraction and reporting any of the clinical outcomes (intra- and postoperative complications and duration of surgery) for both groups. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A meta-analysis was performed, and the power of the meta-analytic findings was assessed by trial sequential analysis (TSA). Strong evidence suggests that PBS prolongs the duration of surgery and low evidence suggests that PBS reduces postoperative morbidity (pain and trismus) in comparison with rotary instruments. Data were insufficient to determine whether PBS reduces neurological complications and postoperative swelling in comparison with burs.     

Imprinting Technology for Effective Sorbent Fabrication: Current State-of-Art and Future Prospects

In the last 10 years, we have witnessed an extensive development of instrumental techniques in analytical methods for determination of various molecules and ions at very low concentrations. Nevertheless, the presence of interfering components of complex samples hampered the applicability of new analytical strategies. Thus, additional sample pre-treatment steps were proposed to overcome the problem. Solid sorbents were used for clean-up samples but insufficient selectivity of commercial materials limited their utility. Here, the application of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) or ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) in the separation processes have recently attracted attention due to their many advantages, such as high selectivity, robustness, and low costs of the fabrication process. Bulk or monoliths, microspheres and core-shell materials, magnetically susceptible and stir-bar imprinted materials are applicable to different modes of solid-phase extraction to determine target analytes and ions in a very complex environment such as blood, urine, soil, or food. The capability to perform a specific separation of enantiomers is a substantial advantage in clinical analysis. The ion-imprinted sorbents gained interest in trace analysis of pollutants in environmental samples. In this review, the current synthetic approaches for the preparation of MIPs and IIPs are comprehensively discussed together with a detailed characterization of respective materials. Furthermore, the use of sorbents in environmental, food, and biomedical analyses will be emphasized to point out current limits and highlight the future prospects for further development in the field.     

基于文献的喜炎平注射液不良反应分布特征探索

摘 要 目的：了解喜炎平注射液上市后研究中不良反应（ADR）发生水平及分布特征。方法：以“喜炎平”或“Xiyanping”为检索词,检索Cochrane 图书馆、Medline、EMbase、SinoMed、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data,由两位研究者独立筛选和提取资料,分析采用Stata 14.0软件。结果：共纳入1 587项研究,其中随机对照试验、队列研究和无对照随访研究分别占90.2%,6.8%和3.0%。共涉及1 778个喜炎平注射液用药组,其中823组报告了ADR发生信息（46.3%）,共涉及患者62 464例,报道ADR 1 244例,整体发生率为1.8%（95%可信区间：1.7%~2.1%）。前三位构成为消化系统损害（40.7%）、皮肤及附件损害（23.6%）和用药部位疼痛（8.4%）,但涉及药品及对应处理的报告比例较低（低于30%）。Meta回归调整协变量后,无对照随访研究、≤1岁年龄组的ADR发生率相对较低,而每日用药≥2次时、疗程≥1周时、合并抗菌药用药或其他中成药用药时,发生率相对较高。结论：鉴于用药频率越高、服药时间越长、合并用药时,ADR发生率相对较高,建议尽量避免过于频繁或长期使用喜炎平注射液,并谨慎联合用药。同时,建议充分利用医疗大数据开展更多关于儿童的足够规模的主动监测。此外,现有文献质量堪忧的问题,也急需研究者、企业、期刊和政府充分重视,各司其职营造高质量证据诞生的必要氛围。     

复元醒脑颗粒的提取工艺研究

目的 研究复元醒脑颗粒的提取工艺及其工艺优化。方法 采用常规提取方法结合药效学实验确定初步提取工艺,使用正交试验法对提取工艺进行优化。结果 乙醇回流提取后,水煎煮提取、乙醇沉淀,过滤,浓缩制得浸膏。最佳乙醇回流提取方案为提取2次;乙醇浓度为50%;料液比：第1次8倍,第2次6倍;提取时间：第1次120 min,第2次80 min。最佳水煎煮提取方案为提取2次;提取时间：第1次120 min,第2次80 min;提取温度为100℃;液料比：第1次10倍,第2次8倍。最佳乙醇沉淀工艺为乙醇浓度80%,乙醇用量为2倍,提取时间为16 h。结论 采用本优化工艺提取的浸膏制成的复元醒脑颗粒,质量符合《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版（四部）（0104颗粒剂）中的要求。     

多指标综合评分法优化痛风巴布剂的醇提工艺

目的 优选痛风巴布剂的最佳提取工艺。方法 以青藤碱、总生物碱的含量和干浸膏得率为评价指标,采用正交设计试验,考察乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取时间和提取次数对提取结果的影响,确定痛风巴布剂处方药材的最佳提取工艺。结果 痛风巴布剂的最佳提取工艺为65%乙醇,提取3次,每次6倍量溶剂,提取总时间为1.5 h,在该工艺条件下得到的青藤碱含量、总生物碱含量和干浸膏得率分别为2.79 mg·g^-1、1.22%和13.06%。结论 优选的醇提工艺稳定、可行。     

薏苡根中多糖含量提取及抗氧化活性研究

目的研究薏苡根中多糖含量适宜的提取工艺,并对其进行抗氧化活性评估。方法薏苡根用95%乙醇醇沉,并依次用无水乙醇、丙酮、乙醚充分洗涤提取后,考察料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度对提取物含量的影响,在单因素实验的基础上做L_9(3~4)正交实验化提取工艺参数。通过测定薏苡根中多糖的还原能力,对清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、羟基、超氧阴离子自由基的能力来评价其抗氧化活性。结果薏苡根中多糖适宜的提取工艺参数:浸提温度90℃、浸提时间2. 50 h、料液比1∶40。在此条件下薏苡根多糖含量5. 80%。薏苡根多糖具有较好的还原能力,DPPH、羟基、超氧阴离子自由基IC50分别为2. 51,2. 60,7. 96 mg·mL^-1。结论在条件为料液比1∶40、浸提时间2. 50 h、浸提温度90℃下,从薏苡根中提取多糖的含量最高,且其多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性。